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Darbas ekonomikoje – esminis gerovės šaltinis ir konkurencingumo prielaida. Susiformavus darbo rinkai, atsirado ir nedarbas, kuris suprantamas kaip darbo pasiūlos ir paklausos disbalansas, tai – pagrindinė įvairių šalių darbo rinkos problema, kuri šiuo metu aktuali ir Lietuvoje. Su nedarbo problema Lietuva susiduria nuo nepriklausomybės atkūrimo. Pirmosios nedarbo priežastys tuo laikotarpiu buvo intensyviai vykdomos reformos, planinio ūkio transformacija į rinkos ūkį bei užsilikę sovietiniai reliktai. Vienas iš pagrindinių ekonomikos teiginių yra tas, kad bet kokie ekonominio mechanizmo pokyčiai tiesiogiai ar netiesiogiai sukelia užimtumo pokyčius. Naujumas, aktualumas. Šiuo metu dažnai pasaulyje minima problema yra nedarbas. Jis sukelia ne tik ekonominius, bet ir įvairius socialinius neigiamus padarinius. Masinis darbuotojų atleidimas, gyvenimo lygio smukimas, artėjimas prie skurdo ribos, žmonių dvejonės dėl laukiančio rytojaus, nedarbo nulemtų kitų makroekonominių rodiklių blogėjimas – visa tai linksniuojama kiekvieną dieną. Visi supranta šio reiškinio didėjančią grėsmę ir stengiasi ieškoti būdų, kaip užkirsti tam kelią. Šiame darbe bus nagrinėjama situacija Lietuvos darbo rinkoje nuo nepriklausomybės atkūrimo iki šių dienų, bandysime išsiaiškinti, kaip buvo kovojama su nedarbu bei jo sukeltomis pasekmėmis, kas yra daroma dabar ir kokių teigiamų bei neigiamų perspektyvų galima tikėtis.
Ekonomika  Kursiniai darbai   (71 psl., 898,7 kB)
Teenagers
2010-04-29
Teenager spends most of their money on clothes, CD, and going out. How do you usually spend your cash? What is your attitude towards saving? How much is your shopping influence by advertisements on TV, radio, newspapers, and magazine?
Palanga (pop. 17.6 thousand; www.palanga.lt ) is the biggest and most universal seaside resort of Lithuania. The Lithuanian seacoast is famous for its beaches of beautiful white sand and dunes, which can be found nowhere else on the Baltic Sea coast. Originally a fishermen’s village, Palanga was first mentioned in the written sources in the 12th century. The inhabitants were engaged not only in fishery, they also gathered amber which would reach the distant countries of Europe and Asia via the merchants’ routes. In the 19th century, Palanga started developing into a health resort, which was a great merit of the dynasty of the Count Tiškevičius (Tyszkiewicz), who moved to the town at that time. A park was laid out, a new palace was built, a port was equipped, a natural therapy centre was launched, a new church was constructed, and the sea pier was built then. During the press prohibition period, the route of book spreaders was crossing Palanga. The first national play in Lithuania, “Amerika pirtyje” (America in the Bath) by A. Keturakis, was staged in this resort in 1899. Over recent years, a great number of new hotels and guesthouses of various levels have been opened in the resort. Palanga also boasts several high-standard sanatoriums that provide treatment for the vestibular mechanism, nervous system as well as cardio-vascular disorders. Resting can be combined with heath improving here. The resort boasts a large variety of pubs, cafes, restaurants, discotheques, bars, night clubs, and casinos. Those who enjoy active holiday are offered pedal boats, bicycles, horse-riding, tennis courts, pools, a complex of baths, etc. A number of trails are intended for cycling or hiking. The Palanga Regional Park, stretching somewhat southward in the direction of Klaipėda, attracts visitors by impressive scenes of wild and severe nature. One of the most beautiful places in Palanga is the Tiškevičius Palace surrounded by a large park that was laid out by E. Andre. Presently, this building houses the Amber Museum, which holds a great variety of amber pieces and the collection of inclusions, the biggest in the world. Amber is the symbol of Lithuania. In August evenings, concerts and poetry readings are hosted in the terrace of the palace. Palanga offers a big choice of cultural entertainments during the holiday season. The resort is home to a very interesting museum of Antanas Mončys, the Lithuanian artist who created in Paris. Its small exposition shows expressive works of big artistic power. The Savickas Gallery often hosts memorable exhibitions of modern artists. One can see the views of old Palanga in the Local Lore Museum of the town. Palanga is the resort submerged in the shadows of trees, which is fascinating at any season of the year. During a colder period, it is an ideal place to hold conferences and seminars.
Geografija  Rašiniai   (128,04 kB)
Writing story
2009-12-22
Everything died away. Suddenly something exploded. It was such a strong blast – Sally even stopped her ears. She clutched the mobile phone and dialed the police station. She said that someone had broken in her house and had been trying to blast it. Then the girl dialed the firehouse and said that something had exploded and maybe the house was on fire. The police and the fire engine arrived in ten minutes. Sally had hidden in her wardrobe before that and did not hear anything. The police broke into the house and saw only Sally’s mother Anna who was cooking dinner. She was shocked. She just lifted her hands in astonishment. A fireguard saw that her blender had cracked and understood everything at once. Anna climbed upstairs to the daughter’s bedroom, opened the door with a passkey and found Sally crying in her wardrobe. She felt ashamed, because she had realized what was going on. Anna hugged Sally and comforted her.
My school
2009-12-22
Our school is famous for its past and for its director. I like my school because I got education here. Since the first class I attend this school. The school building is not very nice. We have a playing fields and a garden near our school. There are a lot of classrooms inside the school. Some years ago we had a special class for different subjects, but now we have our own classroom, and only for some subjects we have special classroom. Our school has a very good English room and a good chemistry, physics laboratory. Our classroom is my favourite, because I feel that all the things in the room are mine, and that I'm the master of this place. My favourite subject are physical training and chemistry though its very difficult for me but I like it. In our school we have also got woodwork and metalwork shops, a gymnasium, a nice school hall and a library. There are a lot of clubs in our school. I don't belong to any one. We have got good basketball and football teams at our school. I like basketball, because I like play this game myself. There are some very good musicians at our school. On Fridays we often had dance-parties at our school. I can't say that school life is very interesting but I am quite happy, I can attend this school. I like my class very much, because our class is very friendly, and very merry.
My Birthday Party
2009-12-22
On the 17th of March there was my birthday. I decided to celebrate my birthday at home with my friends and family. I involved a lot of preparation before the party started. My mum made herself a big birthday cake and other delicious food. My brother and father tided all rooms and prepared the table, I made myself a lot of brightly colored decorations to decorate all rooms. I also prepared fun games. The guests started to come about 12pm and we began to celebrate. At first, we sit up around the table and ate delicious dishes prepared by my mum. Then we listen to loud music and dance. After that, we played my prepared games and watched film. At last we ate cake. I made a wish and blew up all candles. After the party, some my friends stayed up to sleep over. I felt a little bit exhausted, but very happy too. I had a lot of presents and I really enjoyed the party.
Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (2,73 kB)
Lithuania’s seasons Lithuania’s seasons are very different. We have all four seasons in the years. Summers in Lithuania are warm and dry. In those days, most people go outside for a walk or ride a bike. Temperatures can reach 300 Celsius so many people go to the seaside on days off. Winters are wet and cold. Sometimes it is very cold 25 degrees or more below zero. It often snows so usually everything is covered snow. Children like winter; they go sledging down the hills or play with snow. Winter is special because then everybody celebrate the most important holidays — Christmas and New years. Autumns are wet and windy. The days become shorter and the nights become longer. The weather often changes, and it gets colder and colder. The sky is often grey and cloudy, often rains. People usually stay at home or visit friends. Springs usually are warm and sunny. There are not much rainy days. The air is fresh and sun shines brightly. Many people go picnic. Lithuania has a wonderful climate. Everybody enjoys themselves, whatever season it is.
Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (2,93 kB)
Fire fighting
2009-12-22
Regulations for checking and preventing fires were developed. In the reindustrialize era most cities had watchmen who sounded an alarm at signs of fire. Fire fighting tool was simple water. Another important fire-fighting tool was the axe, used to remove the fuel and prevent the spread of fire as well as to make openings that would allow heat and smoke to escape a burning building. Following the Great Fire of London in 1666, fire brigades were formed by insurance companies. The government was not involved until 1865, when these brigades became London's Metropolitan Fire Brigade. The first modern standards for the operation of a fire department were not established until 1830, in Edinburgh, Scotland. These standards set out, for the first time, what was expected of a good fire department. In all industrial countries fire fighters undergo training, beginning with probationary fire fighters' school and continuing throughout a fire fighter's career. Great Britain has several fire training centers. In Russia, fire schools are in Moscow and St Petersburg; Sweden and Denmark have similar schools. Most fire fighting consists of applying water to the burning material to cool it. Fires involving flammable liquids, certain chemicals, and combustible metals often require special extinguishing agents and techniques. With some fuels the use of water may actually be dangerous. Now fire fighters use special technique. Their uniform is made from special material that protects from heat and poisonous gas they have masks and if there is people in the burning house they have oxygen masks for them. This work is very important because fire can make a lot of damage.
English grammar
2009-12-22
Emotions cause not only general reactions, but specific ones as well. We may laugh when happy, withdraw when frightened, get aggressive when angry, and so forth. Among these typical emotional reactions, psychologists have singled out one in particular for extensive study: aggression. The components of an emotion include autonomic arousal (sužadinimas), cognitive appraisal (įvertinimas), and emotional expression. Intense emotions usually involve physiological arousal caused by activation of the autonomic nervous system. People who have spinal cord injuries, report experiencing less intense emotions. Most people report getting angry at least several times a week often at loved ones. Though they commonly feel like aggressing physically when angered most control these impulses. Frustration and pain (mental and physical) arouse anger and can stimulate aggression. Incentives may also trigger aggression. Aggression is a typical reaction to anger (though it can occur for other reasons as well). According to early psychoanalytic theory, aggression is a frustration-produced drive; according to social-learning theory, aggression is a learned response. Biology gives animals the capacity to hurt one another. The threshold levels of numerous aggressive brain systems are thought to be influenced by heredity other neutral circuits, blood chemistry, neurotransmitters, and experience. Cultures that sanction aggression have high rates of it. Families teach aggression directly and indirectly. When treated harshly, children pick up the same habits. Other contributers to aggression include school failures and frustrations, anonymity, poverty, and the availability of weapons. Several techniques for the control of human aggression exist. These include punishment, catharsis, exposure to nonaggressive models, and training in basic social skills. In addition, aggression can often be reduced though the induction of responses or emotional states incompatible with such behavior.
Dream house
2009-12-22
To begin with I must say that many people usually dream about the castle on the bank of the sea with many huge rooms and bathrooms. But I don’t. My dream house is quite different. So my dream house is located about few kilometers from the big city in a very picturesque place near the endless river and forest. When you are in a bad mood you can go for a walk in a forest or along the river. There you can recover your strength and take a breath. My dream house is not as big as a castle, but it is airy and up-to-date. There are a huge flower-bed and orchard outside. Also there is a swing for unrepeatable moments. Inside there are just a few and necessary rooms. There are living-room, kitchen, lavatory and studio on the ground floor. Walls are full of color. Every room is different. One is painted with striking color, other with blind. There is a huge aquarium in a living room in order to relax. On the first floor there are my bedroom, bathroom and spare room. You can see that there is nothing special in my dream house. The main thing in my house is the atmosphere. If the atmosphere in you house is unfriendly and unpleasant, no matter how many rooms and bedrooms you have, you wont be happy of living in this house. That’s all about my dream house. I hope that one day my dreams will become a true. It would be great to live in house which is in my dreams.
Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (2,97 kB)
Direct observation deals with naturally occurring behavior. It is commonly used by biopsychologists to observe animal behavior in natural conditions. Humans can also be observed by direct observation, although that kind of observation requires specific techniques. There are many different techniques that describe the timing of observation, its frequency, longitude, the way data should be recorded in video and audio devices, or written in protocols. Direct observation is usually divided into laboratory observations and field observations. For the first one, psychologists create an artificial situation and watch someone solving it. This method allows an objective data gathering where almost all variables can be controlled, eliminated or changed. While field observations or naturalistic research takes place in the natural environment. Usually the observer has to camouflage himself in order not to be spotted and not to intercept with the experiment. There is a big fight over these two methods. Naturalistic observation provides data that is much closer to the reality, although it is impossible to control the factors that may influence the observed behavior. Indirect observation can be split into questionnaires, interviews and psychological testing. Questionnaires allow social scientists to collect information quickly and cheaply. It also gives an opportunity to examine a big group of individuals at the same time. Usually questionnaires ask for readily available information and do not require a lot of soul-searching. Psychological testing is another form of an indirect observation. It is usually used to observe: mental health, intelligence, moods, personality traits, beliefs, feelings, needs, opinions, abilities, knowledge and the like. Tests vary in formats from questionnaire type to the exam looking like. Some tests can be made to exam large groups while others certain individuals. Interviews and questionnaires are also quite similar. Interviews are closer to direct observation method then testing or than questionnaires, because interviews involve an investigator, who collects data in face-to-face manner. Interviews can be structured or open-ended. Structured interviews have definite questions that everyone is expected to answer and precise answer options may be available. While open-ended interviews allow respondents to speak whatever they like under mere question construction designed by the examiner. Although interview is an expensive method for data gathering, since it involves a tête-à-tête work of a qualified psychologist.
Christmas in USA
2009-12-22
People also buy Christmas trees. Almost every man decorates tree in a different way. The decorations mostly are made of glass: angels, various figures, soldier and balls they also put a fire in the fireplace and puts stockings over the fire place also they put beautiful light bulbs on they’re houses and windows. Little children believe that there is Christmas Father or Santa Claus who comes down the chimney on the night of Christmas Eve and brings presents. Most families put presents around or under Christmas tree and in the stockings they put candy and these are opened on the first Christmas day in the morning. The biggest part of people thinks that Christmas is the time for families. For many families, this festival is the only time when they are all together. On the Christmas morning the tearing of wrapping paper is heard as gifts are exchanged, opened and admired. As the turkey, goose or chicken is sizzling in the oven, their delicious aroma fills all houses. The family is dressed in their best clothes; sit down to enjoy a delicious meal, which puts a smile on everyone’s face. America celebrates Christmas almost the whole week until the New Year, but the first day is extraordinary and you must spend it at home with your family members. This is the time when the warm feeling of Christmas spirit fills the home as the children play happily with their new toys and the adults relax, all family members feel closest to each other after sharing a day of love and joy.
Computer – it`s a machine for carrying out calculations and performing specified transformations on information, such as storing, sorting, correlating, retrieving and processing data. The main disadvantage of computers is that staring at a screen for long periods of time can be damaging to the eyes, and sitting on a chair for hours at a time is certainly not healthy. Secondly computers distract from social interactions such as conversation. Also, people can be inclined to become anti-social and stay at home and use their computer. Finally, the most persuasive argument against the use of computers is that the more jobs are done by computers the less are done by people. It isn`t very good for increasing people population. However, the advantages of computers are numerous, such as undeniable educational benefits, especially to children. School subjects become more interesting when presented on a computer screen. Moreover, computers can be fun with a seemingly endless variety of games which can be played on them. In addition, computers are valuable to any business, making life easier and saving time by being capable of storing and retrieving vast amounts of information at he touch of the button. I think computer has a lot of disadvantages and advantages. Yet, despite the health problems, risk to jobs and personal interaction, it seems that as long as the use of computers is regulated the benefits computers provide to education and businesses are invaluable. Computers make our life easier.
Cities and villages
2009-12-22
Talking about differences between the life styles of people in cities and villages, I must say that they are various. According to the information I have, townspeople have absolutely narrow-minded views. Usually, their lifestyle is as active as people can take it. They are always in a hurry, have many things to do, and never forget about interesting ways of spending their free time. I am sure many would agree that they socialize more than country-people. On the other hand, towns-people tend to live unhealthy life and eat not wholesome food. If you asked me about country-people, I want to say that their lifestyle is very different from town-people. Some people say that country people live secluded life, do not socialize to each others. They don’t have cultural needs and don’t care about parties and other celebrations. Certainly, in cities popular careers are lawyers, teachers, and auto mechanics. Usually, country people are farmers or have no profession. Very low variety of jobs in villages is one of the biggest problems in Lithuania. Seasonal jobs are most popular in villages. At the same time to find a job in city is easier, as there are many organizations and commercial firms, which give jobs to many people. Of course, and salary differs. If people work in village, their jobs are very hard, but they don’t get better salary. Everything is on the contrary. Their salary is less than workers in city. To sum it up, I must say that there is no matter where you live, life always seems very difficult.
Business Culture
2009-12-22
Doing business in the US could be quite different from the way it is done in your home country. The greetings, dress codes, and schedules may vary from what you are habituated to. Here are some proper approaches to conduct business in a proper way in the US: Business Dressing Every individual company sets certain standards for business outfits. Usually, as a general rule, most of the large companies and organizations require a more formal dress. Most companies have a formal dress code for their particular business. Some companies may supply uniforms for some, or all of their employees. You could check with your employer whether they have any policy on dress code and what they feel is the most appropriate outfit for your position. If you choose to wear jewelry, it should be minimum and compliment your outfit. Large, flashy jewelry is usually not appropriate for a business environment. Business hours The normal business hours are Monday through Friday, 8.30 or 9.00 a.m. to 5 or 6 pm, with a 30 to 60 minute lunch break. Punctuality Being on time is a very important rule of business etiquette. Every effort should be made to arrive on time to any scheduled meetings or appointments. If you would be late for an appointment, then a call should be made announcing the expected delay. On the other hand regularly arriving late or missing appointments would have a negative impact on your business. Greetings & Introductions It is customary for business meeting with people from outside your company to begin and end with a firm handshake. Eye contact should be maintained during the handshake and whenever someone is speaking to you. During introductions, listen carefully to the pronunciation of the persons name so that you could address properly. While introducing yourself, give your full name not just the first name. You could take help of others in your company to find out when it would be appropriate to address someone by their first name only, or whether they should be addressed in a more formal manner (i.e. Mr. Robin). Avoid using nicknames until the person permits you to do so. The appropriate way of addressing someone may depend partly on his or her position in the company. For instance, it could be acceptable if you address your coworkers by their first name but not the senior officers of the company. This is a bird's eye view of the US business culture to help you assist you for your first visit. Your employers and coworkers could be of great help for you to adjust and make your work experience enjoyable and successful.
Anglų kalba  Straipsniai   (5,02 kB)
Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you! I hope everything is okay. Have you started your exams yet? Good luck!
Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (1 psl., 5,97 kB)
Channel allocation problem: static channel allocation, frequency division multiplexing - FDM - bandwidth of channel is divided into N equal sized portions, time division multiplexing - each user is statically allocated every Nth time slot, both techniques are very inefficient for environments with variable number of users and bursty traffic. Multiple Access Protocols: pure ALOHA, nodes can transmit frames at any instance of time, collisions are allowed - contention system, uniform frame size for all nodes.
Informatika  Pateiktys   (24 psl., 810,18 kB)
The TCP/IP Model: origins from ARPANET, DoD research network, ARPA - Advanced Research Projects Agency, reliability was the primary concern of design, IMP - interface message processor, the TCP/IP Model defined in 1974 for the first time. The Internet Layer: packet-switching, connectionless service, each packet is independently routed from source to destination, packet ordering issue, defines packet format, defines protocol - Internet Protocol.
Informatika  Pateiktys   (16 psl., 162,66 kB)
Located between the continents of North America, South America, Asia, Antarctica and Australia the Pacific Ocean is the largest of the world's four oceans. It covers approximately one-third of the surface of the earth, more surface area than all the continents combined. It is commonly divided at the Equator into the North Pacific and the South Pacific.
Geografija  Pagalbinė medžiaga   (1 psl., 32,34 kB)
Languages
2009-07-16
Anglų kalbos kalbėjimo tema.
Anglų kalba  Straipsniai   (1 psl., 3,19 kB)
Marketingo planas
2009-07-09
Paslaugų verslas ekonomikoje pradeda užimti vis svarbesnę vietą. Paslaugos ir prekės parduodamos rinkoje. Jos tenkina pirkėjų norus, poreikius, padeda užbaigti prekių gamybos ir jų vartojimo paskirties ciklą, tiesiogine ar netiesiogine prasme priartina prekes prie vartotojo. Didėjanti paslaugų sektoriaus apimtis ir reikšmė šiandienos visuomenėje pradėjo naują erą. Daugelyje pasaulio šalių paslaugos yra laikomos pagrindiniu ekonomikos produktyvumo šaltiniu, kuris susijęs su naujų prekių ir paslaugų atsiradimu, jų gamybos sistemų kūrimu, ryšių su paslaugų vartotojais organizavimu, palaikymu ir t. t.
Rinkodara  Kursiniai darbai   (4,39 kB)
Jau seniai vartotojas ir jo poreikiai tapę vienu iš svarbiausių objektų kiekvienos organizacijos veikloje. Vartotojų elgsenos pažinimas rinkodaros specialistams leidžia suprasti ir numatyti vartotojų elgesį pirkimo vietoje, taip pat suteikia galimybę suprasti, kokią įtaką vartojimas daro kiekvieno individo gyvenime. Vartotojų elgsena, jų poreikių žinojimas, organizaciją įgalina efektyviau juos patenkinti, taip pat kurti abipusę naudą.
Rinkodara  Referatai   (4,48 kB)
Entertainment
2009-07-09
Anglų tema apie pramogas, hobius ir laisvalaikį. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the passive forms of entertainment (e.g. TV, video, computer games, etc.) and active leisure (traveling, sports, hobbies, etc.)?
CV angliškas
2009-07-09
Personal details Name: Andrius Žukauskas Date of birth: 25th October 1981 Nationality: Lithuanian Address: Talackoniu v. Pasvalio p.o. LT- 5250 Pasvalio reg. Lithuania
Shrove Tuesday is a merry carnival. It is celebrated on Tuesday, the eve of Ash Wednesday, to mark the winter’s end.
Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (1,19 kB)
Talkative people
2009-06-11
People began communicating the very day they appeared. There wasn’t a precise speech or gestures, peopled tried explaining things pointing at something or maybe even drawing. Later this gift of communication grew stronger and wider. Now we use speech to express not only our needs we also explain our feelings, emotions, and anxieties.
Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (1 psl., 2,96 kB)
Travelling
2009-06-06
I like to spend my holidays when I'm travelling. There are various means of travel. We can travel by train, ship, air-plane, and finally we can travel on foot. For me there is no travel so fine as by aircraft. There are many things that make this travel fascination for me. We can see clouds , ocean or earth below you without any hindrance. I like it very much. On the air voyage you can feel how little you are in the globe or in the ocean. And of course this transport is very fast and useful .
Anglų kalba  Pagalbinė medžiaga   (1 psl., 2,74 kB)
Nowadays a lot of people live in block of flats, which are in a smutty towns. They often don’t have time to be in nature. So eating out of doors is very relaxing and good way. When you are eating out of doors, you can breathe fresh air, enjoy open space, not to sit behind four walls at home. Associate with people is much more interesting outside than inside. You can make a bonfire and roast some hot dogs or meat.
Anglų kalba  Pagalbinė medžiaga   (1 psl., 2,58 kB)
Story
2009-02-05
That day, my life changed forever. Sue thought so when she had fallen into a deep hole and broken her leg. She thought she would die. Sue, a professional snowboarder, came to a skiing resort like every year.
Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (1 psl., 2,76 kB)
Anglų k. rašinėlis ("Informal letter" tipo). Jame kvieti savo draugą pas tave pasisvečiuoti.
Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (1 psl., 7,55 kB)